Gradle cookbook(转)

原文地址 http://www.gradle.org/docs/current/userguide/installation.html

4.1. Prerequisites先决条件

4.2. Download下载

4.3. Unpacking解压

4.4. Environment variables环境变量

4.5. Running and testing your installation测试安装

4.6. JVM options JVM选项

build.gradle

task hello {
doLast {
println 'Hello world!'
}
}

> gradle -q hello
Hello world!

build.gradle

task hello << {
println 'Hello world!'
}

build.gradle

task upper << {
String someString = 'mY_nAmE'
println "Original: " + someString
println "Upper case: " + someString.toUpperCase()
}

Output of gradle -q upper

> gradle -q upper
Original: mY_nAmE
Upper case: MY_NAME

build.gradle

task count << {
4.times { print "$it " }
}

Output of gradle -q count

> gradle -q count
0 1 2 3

build.gradle

task hello << {
println 'Hello world!'
}
task intro(dependsOn: hello) << {
println "I'm Gradle"
}

Output of gradle -q intro

> gradle -q intro
Hello world!
I'm Gradle

build.gradle

task taskX(dependsOn: 'taskY') << {
println 'taskX'
}
task taskY << {
println 'taskY'
}

Output of gradle -q taskX

> gradle -q taskX
taskY
taskX

build.gradle

4.times { counter ->
task "task$counter" << {
println "I'm task number $counter"
}
}

Output of gradle -q task1

> gradle -q task1
I'm task number 1

build.gradle

4.times { counter ->
task "task$counter" << {
println "I'm task number $counter"
}
}
task0.dependsOn task2, task3

Output of gradle -q task0

> gradle -q task0
I'm task number 2
I'm task number 3
I'm task number 0

build.gradle

task hello << {
println 'Hello Earth'
}
hello.doFirst {
println 'Hello Venus'
}
hello.doLast {
println 'Hello Mars'
}
hello << {
println 'Hello Jupiter'
}

Output of gradle -q hello

> gradle -q hello
Hello Venus
Hello Earth
Hello Mars
Hello Jupiter

build.gradle

task hello << {
println 'Hello world!'
}
hello.doLast {
println "Greetings from the $hello.name task."
}

Output of gradle -q hello

> gradle -q hello
Hello world!
Greetings from the hello task.

build.gradle

task myTask {
ext.myProperty = "myValue"
}task printTaskProperties << {
println myTask.myProperty
}

Output of gradle -q printTaskProperties

> gradle -q printTaskProperties
myValue

build.gradle

task loadfile << {
def files = file('../antLoadfileResources').listFiles().sort()
files.each { File file ->
if (file.isFile()) {
ant.loadfile(srcFile: file, property: file.name)
println " *** $file.name ***"
println "${ant.properties[file.name]}"
}
}
}

Output of gradle -q loadfile

> gradle -q loadfile
*** agile.manifesto.txt ***
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
*** gradle.manifesto.txt ***
Make the impossible possible, make the possible easy and make the easy elegant.
(inspired by Moshe Feldenkrais)

build.gradle

task checksum << {
fileList('../antLoadfileResources').each {File file ->
ant.checksum(file: file, property: "cs_$file.name")
println "$file.name Checksum: ${ant.properties["cs_$file.name"]}"
}
}task loadfile << {
fileList('../antLoadfileResources').each {File file ->
ant.loadfile(srcFile: file, property: file.name)
println "I'm fond of $file.name"
}
}File[] fileList(String dir) {
file(dir).listFiles({file -> file.isFile() } as FileFilter).sort()
}

Output of gradle -q loadfile

> gradle -q loadfile
I'm fond of agile.manifesto.txt
I'm fond of gradle.manifesto.txt

build.gradle

defaultTasks 'clean', 'run'task clean << {
println 'Default Cleaning!'
}task run << {
println 'Default Running!'
}task other << {
println "I'm not a default task!"
}

Output of gradle -q

> gradle -q
Default Cleaning!
Default Running!

build.gradle

task distribution << {
println "We build the zip with version=$version"
}task release(dependsOn: 'distribution') << {
println 'We release now'
}gradle.taskGraph.whenReady {taskGraph ->
if (taskGraph.hasTask(release)) {
version = '1.0'
} else {
version = '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
}
}

Output of gradle -q distribution

> gradle -q distribution
We build the zip with version=1.0-SNAPSHOT

Output of gradle -q release

> gradle -q release
We build the zip with version=1.0
We release now

Example 7.1. Using the Java plugin

What tasks are available?

gradle tasks 命令可以列出当前工程的全部任务。你可以看看到底Java插件增加了什么任务。

Java插件会增加一些默认任务，不过你应该不会全都需要。一般需要的任务是 build, 它会完整构建你的项目。运行 gradle build就行:

其他的任务比如:

要引用外部jar包，就要告诉Gradle它们的位置。Gradle的引用在repository 属性下。比如要引用Maven库的包：:

Let's add some dependencies. 咱们加一些依赖试试，比如我们的发行版有一个commons collections运行时依赖，测试类则依赖的是 junit:

更多信息去看看 Chapter 8, Dependency Management Basics.

Java插件增加了一些属性，要修改Java插件属性的默认值也很简单，看一个例子。比如我们要指定版本号，并增加一些manifest属性。

Java插件增加的都是普通任务，和构建脚本里的一样。所以前面学到的那些机制可以随便用。，比如设置属性值，增加任务行为，修改任务依赖，甚至取代任务。我们配置一个 test 任务，它是Test类型的，让它执行时增加系统属性：

一般jar需要发布到一个地方，所以你要告诉Gradle发布到哪。默认是发布到库里面。我们让它发布到本地目录，你愿意的话可以发布到远程或者同时多个地方。

要发布jar包，执行 gradle uploadArchives.

要导入到Eclipse里面需要另一个插件：

现在执行 gradle eclipse 可以生成Eclipse项目文件。更多Eclipse任务操纵见 Chapter 38, The Eclipse Plugin.

这是完整的构建文件：

Example 7.10. Multi-project build - hierarchical layout

要定义多工程构建需要一个“设置文件”(settings file)，这个文件在项目的根目录下，指明哪些工程要被处理。它的名字叫 settings.gradle. 对于我们的例子来说，对应的设置文件是这样的：

更多信息看56章： Chapter 56, Multi-project Builds.

多工程构建一般会有配置是各工程都会用到的。比如我们的例子会通过“配置注入（ configuration injection）”来实现，在根项目下定义一个公共配置。根项目就像一个容器，子项目会迭代访问它的配置并注入到自己的配置中。这样我们就可以简单的为所有工程定义主配置单了：

我们使用了Java插件，这样所有的工程都有了该特性。所以你可以在跟项目下通过 gradle build 编译、测试、打包了。

同一个构建中可以建立工程依赖，这样比如说，一个工程的jar文件就可以给另一个工程使用了。我们给 api 工程的构建增加对  shared 工程jar的依赖。这样Gradle会保证构建api工程之前总要构建shared。

Section 56.7.1, “Disabling the build of dependency projects”讲了如何停用这个功能。

要发布到客户端就这样：

build.gradle

apply plugin: 'java'repositories {
mavenCentral()
}dependencies {
compile group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate-core', version: '3.6.7.Final'
testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.+'
}

build.gradle

dependencies {
compile group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate-core', version: '3.6.7.Final'
}

build.gradle

dependencies {
compile 'org.hibernate:hibernate-core:3.6.7.Final'
}

build.gradle

repositories {
mavenCentral()
}

build.gradle

repositories {
maven {
url "http://repo.mycompany.com/maven2"
}
}

build.gradle

repositories {
ivy {
url "http://repo.mycompany.com/repo"
}
}

build.gradle

repositories {
ivy {
// URL can refer to a local directory
url "../local-repo"
}
}

build.gradle

uploadArchives {
repositories {
ivy {
credentials {
username "username"
password "pw"
}
url "http://repo.mycompany.com"
}
}
}

build.gradle

apply plugin: 'maven'uploadArchives {
repositories {
mavenDeployer {
repository(url: "file://localhost/tmp/myRepo/")
}
}
}

build.gradle

println name
println project.name

Output of gradle -q check

> gradle -q check
projectApi
projectApi

Table 13.1. Project Properties

Example 13.2. Using local variables

Example 13.3. Using extra properties

Example 13.4. Groovy JDK methods

Example 13.5. Property accessors

Example 13.6. Method call without parentheses

Example 13.7. List and map literals

Example 13.8. Closure as method parameter

Example 13.9. Closure delegates

build.gradle

apply plugin: 'java'

Example 23.2. Custom Java source layout

build.gradle

// Various ways to access the main source set
println sourceSets.main.output.classesDir
println sourceSets['main'].output.classesDir
sourceSets {
println main.output.classesDir
}
sourceSets {
main {
println output.classesDir
}
}// Iterate over the source sets
sourceSets.all {
println name
}

build.gradle

sourceSets {
main {
java {
srcDir 'src/java'
}
resources {
srcDir 'src/resources'
}
}
}

Table 23.9. Java plugin - source set properties

Example 23.5. Defining a source set

Example 23.6. Defining source set dependencies

Example 23.7. Compiling a source set

Example 23.15. Customization of MANIFEST.MF

Example 23.16. Creating a manifest object.

Example 23.17. Separate MANIFEST.MF for a particular archive