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03python面向对象编程之Python中单下划线和双下划线的区别7
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Custom stylesheet, it must be in the same directory as the html file
通常Python类中会有_和__的方法,是指什么意思呢?如下:
双下划线表示内部不允许访问,一个下划线表示这样的实例变量外部是可以访问的,但是,按照约定俗成的规定,当你看到这样的变量时,意思就是,“虽然我可以被访问,但是,请把我视为私有变量,不要随意访问”。 双下划线开头的实例变量是不是一定不能从外部访问呢?其实也不是。不能直接访问 name是因为Python解释器对外把 name变量改成了_student name,所以,仍然可以通过_student name来访问__name变量。
具体看下面例子就知道了:
In [17]:
class Student(object):
def __init__(self, age, name):
self._age = age
self.__name = name def set_name(self, name):
self.__name = name def get_name(self):
return self.__name
In [18]:
name = "JackMa"
age = 47
stu = Student(age, name)
In [19]:
stu._age
Out[19]:
47
In [21]:
stu.__name
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-21-88092ce7bef6> in <module>
----> 1stu.__name AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute '__name'
In [22]:
stu.get_name()
Out[22]:
'JackMa'
In [23]:
stu.set_name('xiaoming')
In [24]:
stu.get_name()
Out[24]:
'xiaoming'
In [31]:
stu._Student__name # 对象._类名__属性的方法进行访问(不建议这样使用,除非特殊的情况)
Out[31]:
'xiaoming'
小结:
1、_name 不能用于’from module import *’ 以单下划线开头的表示的是protected类型的变量。即保护类型只能允许其本身与子类进行访问。
2、__name 双下划线的表示的是私有类型的变量。只能是允许这个类本身进行访问了。连也是子类也不可以的。