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Linux:磁盘挂载
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【扫一扫了解最新限行尾号】
复制小程序
本来虚拟centos的服务器的磁盘分配的就不大,之前只分配了20G的样子,由于最近有装了不少软件,比如nifi压缩版就有1.2G的大小,一下子没有磁盘资源了。今晚就折腾在这事上了。
[root@master spark]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 17G 20K % /
devtmpfs .4G .4G % /dev
tmpfs .4G .0K .4G % /dev/shm
tmpfs .4G 12M .4G % /run
tmpfs .4G .4G % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M % /boot
tmpfs 479M 479M % /run/user/
1. 查看挂载点信息
df -h
df -h
显示结果:根目录可用磁盘只有20K。
2. 扩展VMWare硬盘空间
首先需要关闭操作系统,然后在设置中将磁盘调整到需要的容量。
如果选项是灰色的,说明虚拟机有快照,将其快照删除再操作。
备注:这里通过vmw,扩展master节点10G磁盘资源。
3. 对新增加的硬盘进行分区、格式化
(1)查看一下调整后的磁盘状态
[root@master spark]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aad3c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * Linux
/dev/sda2 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: MB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
[root@master spark]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aad3c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * Linux
/dev/sda2 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: MB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
备注:新增磁盘驱动目录为/dev/sda1,大小为10G。
(2)磁盘分区
[root@master]# fdisk /dev/sda
分别键入以下参数:
p 查看已分区数量(我看到有两个 /dev/sda1 和/dev/sda2)
n 新增加一个分区
p 分区类型,选择主分区
分区号选3(1和2已占用,见上)
回车 默认选择(起始扇区)
回车 默认选择(结束扇区)
t 修改分区类型
选分区3
8e 修改为LVM(8e就是LVM)
w 写分区表,完成后退出fdisk命令
实际操作:
[root@master spark]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aad3c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * Linux
/dev/sda2 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary ( primary, extended, free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (,, default ): 3
First sector (-, default ): #直接回车(不输入任何内容)
Using default value
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ): #直接回车(不输入任何内容)
Using default value
Partition of type Linux and of size GiB is set Command (m for help): t
Partition number (-, default ): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error : Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe() or kpartx()
Syncing disks.
#重新查看重新分区后的分区情况:
[root@master spark]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aad3c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * Linux
/dev/sda2 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help):
(3)格式化分区
注意: 格式化之前要重启机器
[spark@master ~]$ mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42. (-Dec-)
mkfs.ext3: Permission denied while trying to determine filesystem size
[spark@master ~]$ su root
Password:
[root@master spark]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42. (-Dec-)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= (log=)
Fragment size= (log=)
Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks
inodes, blocks
blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
block groups
blocks per group, fragments per group
inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
, , , , , , , Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@master spark]#
4. 添加新LVM到已有的LVM组,实现扩容
进入lvm管理
[root@master]# lvm
实际上以下命令我在centos7下直接操作也行。
关于lvm的一些基础知识可以参考:《Linx 卷管理详解--VG LV PV》
(1)初始化刚才的分区
pvcreate /dev/sda3
(2)查看卷和卷组
vgdisplay
要记下”VG Name”,这里为centos;再记下”Free PE/Size”的大小,例如这里为21513
(3)将初始化过的分区加入到虚拟卷组
vgextend centos /dev/sda3
刚才记下的”VG Name”就在这里使用。
但是执行到这一步时报错了:
Couldn't create temporary archive name.
Volume group "centos" metadata archive failed. Internal error:
Attempt to unlock unlocked VG #orphans.
查看了下,因为磁盘实在太小了,无法执行,删除一些数据就行。
(4)扩展已有卷的容量
lvextend -l +.5G /dev/mapper/centos-root
lvextend
指令用于在线扩展逻辑卷的空间大小,而不中断应用程序对逻辑卷的访问。其后有两个选项
选项 | 说明 |
---|---|
-L | 指定逻辑卷的大小,单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节,也就是Size |
-l | 指定逻辑卷的大小,单位为PE数 |
其余两个参数:+9.5G是磁盘扩增的大小(也可以是通过
vgdisplay
查看的
free
的大小【尽量不完全使用,小个几十到几百M】),后边的目录参数
/dev/mapper/centos-root
可以通过
df
命令查看
(5)查看卷容量
pvdisplay
(6)退出
quit
以下是具体实操操作记录:
[root@master spark]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@master spark]#
[root@master spark]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Couldn't create temporary archive name.
Volume group "centos" metadata archive failed. Internal error:
Attempt to unlock unlocked VG #orphans. [root@master spark]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 17G 20K % /
devtmpfs .4G .4G % /dev
tmpfs .4G .0K .4G % /dev/shm
tmpfs .4G 12M .4G % /run
tmpfs .4G .4G % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M % /boot
tmpfs 479M 479M % /run/user/ #磁盘资源不足清理磁盘
[root@master spark]# cd /opt/
[root@master opt]# ls
apache-maven-3.5. elasticsearch-head-master hdfs-over-ftp-master.zip kibana-6.2.-linux-x86_64.tar.gz node-v8.9.1.tar.gz zookeeper-3.4.
apache-maven-3.5.-bin.tar.gz elasticsearch-head-master.zip jdk1..0_171 nifi-1.7. scala-2.11. zookeeper-3.4..tar.gz
elasticsearch-6.2. hadoop-2.9. jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz nifi-1.7.-bin.zip scala-2.11..tgz
elasticsearch-6.2..zip hadoop-2.9..tar.gz kafka_2.-1.1. node-8.9. spark-2.2.-bin-hadoop2.
elasticsearch-analysis-ik-6.2..zip hdfs-over-ftp-master kibana-6.2.-linux-x86_64 node-v8.9.1 spark-2.2.-bin-hadoop2..tgz
[root@master opt]# rm *.gz
rm: remove regular file ‘apache-maven-3.5.-bin.tar.gz’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘hadoop-2.9..tar.gz’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘kibana-6.2.-linux-x86_64.tar.gz’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘node-v8.9.1.tar.gz’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘zookeeper-3.4..tar.gz’? y
[root@master opt]# rm *.zip
rm: remove regular file ‘elasticsearch-6.2..zip’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘elasticsearch-analysis-ik-6.2..zip’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘elasticsearch-head-master.zip’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘hdfs-over-ftp-master.zip’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘nifi-1.7.-bin.zip’? y
[root@master opt]# rm *.tgz
rm: remove regular file ‘scala-2.11..tgz’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘spark-2.2.-bin-hadoop2..tgz’? y #磁盘清理后查看磁盘资源
[root@master opt]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 15G .1G % /
devtmpfs .4G .4G % /dev
tmpfs .4G .0K .4G % /dev/shm
tmpfs .4G 12M .4G % /run
tmpfs .4G .4G % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M % /boot
tmpfs 479M 479M % /run/user/
#重启服务器
[root@master opt]# reboot #重新登录
Last login: Tue Aug :: from 192.168.0.103
[spark@master ~]$ su root
Password:
[root@master spark]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset . Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@master spark]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas
Metadata Sequence No
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV
Cur LV
Open LV
Max PV
Cur PV
Act PV
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE
Alloc PE / Size / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size /
VG UUID cKJ05H-yI4f-5qfY-5SO5-ybTW-2zDx-M5uyg0 [root@master spark]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@master spark]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 15G .1G % /
devtmpfs .4G .4G % /dev
tmpfs .4G .4G % /dev/shm
tmpfs .4G 12M .4G % /run
tmpfs .4G .4G % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M % /boot
tmpfs 479M 479M % /run/user/
[root@master spark]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aad3c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * Linux
/dev/sda2 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: MB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
5. 文件系统扩容
以上只是卷扩容了,还要对文件系统实现真正扩容
CentOS 7 下面 由于使用的是 XFS,所以要用
xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
CentOS 6 下面 要用
resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
以下是具体实操操作记录:
[root@master spark]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 15G .1G % /
devtmpfs .4G .4G % /dev
tmpfs .4G .4G % /dev/shm
tmpfs .4G 12M .4G % /run
tmpfs .4G .4G % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M % /boot
tmpfs 479M 479M % /run/user/
[root@master spark]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize= agcount=, agsize= blks
= sectsz= attr=, projid32bit=
= crc= finobt= spinodes=
data = bsize= blocks=, imaxpct=
= sunit= swidth= blks
naming =version bsize= ascii-ci= ftype=
log =internal bsize= blocks=, version=
= sectsz= sunit= blks, lazy-count=
realtime =none extsz= blocks=, rtextents=
data blocks changed from to
[root@master spark]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 27G 15G 12G % /
devtmpfs .4G .4G % /dev
tmpfs .4G .4G % /dev/shm
tmpfs .4G 12M .4G % /run
tmpfs .4G .4G % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M % /boot
tmpfs 479M 479M % /run/user/
6. 查看新的磁盘空间
df -h
df -h
参考《Esxi中CentOS7 扩展磁盘容量》