使用docker-compose 大杀器来部署服务 上（转）

我的环境是
linux-ubuntu:python2:pip
所以我的安装
pip install docker-compose
如此简单

从一个小例开始

root@ubuntu:~/test# cat docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:
mariadb:
image: 'bitnami/mariadb:latest'
environment:
- ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes
volumes:
- /path/to/mariadb-persistence:/bitnami/mariadbroot@ubuntu:~/test# docker-compose up
Creating network "test_default" with the default driver
Creating test_mariadb_1
Attaching to test_mariadb_1
mariadb_1 |
mariadb_1 | Welcome to the Bitnami mariadb container
mariadb_1 | Subscribe to project updates by watching https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb
mariadb_1 | Submit issues and feature requests at https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb/issues
mariadb_1 | Send us your feedback at containers@bitnami.com
mariadb_1 |
mariadb_1 | nami INFO Initializing mariadb
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO ==> Creating 'root' user with unrestricted access...
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO ==> Flushing privileges...
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO ==> Enabling remote connections...
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO ########################################################################
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO Installation parameters for mariadb:
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO Root Password: Not set during installation
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO (Passwords are not shown for security reasons)
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO ########################################################################
mariadb_1 | mariadb INFO
mariadb_1 | nami INFO mariadb successfully initialized
mariadb_1 | INFO ==> Starting mariadb...
mariadb_1 | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139903487235968 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
mariadb_1 | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139903487235968 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
mariadb_1 | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139903487235968 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
mariadb_1 | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139903487235968 [Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.34-79.1 started; log sequence number 1616829
mariadb_1 | 2017-03-05 15:01:27 139902956046080 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) not yet started


先安装吧

如果你和我的环境相同，请直接看我的 docker-compose 安装

如果是别的话，别担心，这里有
安装指南

helloworld

root@ubuntu:~/test# cat docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:
mariadb:
image: 'bitnami/mariadb:latest'
environment:
- ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes
volumes:
- /path/to/mariadb-persistence:/bitnami/mariadb
command: echo "hello world"
root@ubuntu:~/test#
root@ubuntu:~/test#
root@ubuntu:~/test# docker-compose up
Starting test_mariadb_1
Attaching to test_mariadb_1
mariadb_1 |
mariadb_1 | Welcome to the Bitnami mariadb container
mariadb_1 | Subscribe to project updates by watching https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb
mariadb_1 | Submit issues and feature requests at https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb/issues
mariadb_1 | Send us your feedback at containers@bitnami.com
mariadb_1 |
mariadb_1 | hello world
test_mariadb_1 exited with code 0


服务更新

软升级

$ docker-compose stop wordpress
停止容器运行$ docker-compose rm wordpress
删除老旧的容器
更新你的 image$ docker-compose start wordpress
启动新容器


还比如

你的 nginx 更新了配置文件之后

docker-compose restart nginx

硬升级

docker-compose stop

升级你的程序

你要重新
docker-compose up

从日志得到需要的信息

直接使用 logs

docker-compose logs nginx
欧 shit 直接给我屏幕刷爆了

使用类似linux tail 命令

我们的 tial 命令一般是什么样的呢
tail -f xx.file

我们的docker-compose log 却是这样

root@ubuntu:~# docker-compose logs -f --tail 10 nginx
Attaching to root_nginx_1
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:18 +0000] "GET /wp-admin/ HTTP/1.1" 302 0 "http://www.yunlan.name/wp-admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:18 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php?action=lostpassword HTTP/1.1" 200 1201 "http://www.yunlan.name/wp-login.php?action=lostpassword" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:18 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php?action=lostpassword HTTP/1.1" 200 1201 "-" "Mozilla"
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:18 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php?redirect_to=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yunlan.name%2Fwp-admin%2F&reauth=1 HTTP/1.1" 200 1265 "http://www.yunlan.name/wp-admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 64.79.100.22 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:19 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php?redirect_to=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yunlan.name%2Fwp-admin%2F&reauth=1 HTTP/1.1" 200 1265 "-" "Mozilla"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:57:52 +0000] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 200 134 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:58:03 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 499 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:58:03 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3844 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:58:03 +0000] "GET /wp-content/plugins/code-prettify/prettify/run_prettify.js?ver=1.3.4 HTTP/1.1" 200 7600 "http://www.yunlan.name/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
nginx_1 | 117.150.55.119 - - [05/Mar/2017:16:58:04 +0000] "GET /wp-content/plugins/code-prettify/prettify/prettify.css HTTP/1.1" 200 722 "http://www.yunlan.name/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"

最近的10条开始

docker-compose 常用命令


Commands:
build Build or rebuild services
bundle Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
config Validate and view the compose file
create Create services
down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
events Receive real time events from containers
exec Execute a command in a running container
help Get help on a command
kill Kill containers
logs View output from containers
pause Pause services
port Print the public port for a port binding
ps List containers
pull Pull service images
push Push service images
restart Restart services
rm Remove stopped containers
run Run a one-off command
scale Set number of containers for a service
start Start services
stop Stop services
top Display the running processes
unpause Unpause services
up Create and start containers
version Show the Docker-Compose version information


解释一下

build 构建或重建服务
help 命令帮助
kill 杀掉容器
logs 显示容器的输出内容
port 打印绑定的开放端口
ps 显示容器
pull 拉取服务镜像
restart 重启服务
rm 删除停止的容器
run 运行一个一次性命令
scale 设置服务的容器数目
start 开启服务
stop 停止服务
up 创建并启动容器


docker-compose 如何配置

先看看我自己写的一个 docker-compose.yml

version: '2'
services:
nginx:
image: bitnami/nginx:latest
ports:
- '80:80'
- '1443:443'
volumes:
- /root/wp_yunlan/nginx/:/bitnami/nginx/
mariadb:
image: bitnami/mariadb:latest
volumes:
- /root/wp_yunlan/mariadb:/bitnami/mariadb
wordpress:
image: bitnami/wordpress:latest
depends_on:
- mariadb
- nginx
environment:
- WORDPRESS_USERNAME=neptunemoon #这个账户你是自己设定的
- WORDPRESS_PASSWORD=123123 #这个密码是你自己设定的
ports:
- '8080:80'
- '8081:443'
volumes:
- /root/wp_yunlan/wordpress:/bitnami/wordpress
- /root/wp_yunlan/apache:/bitnami/apache
- /root/wp_yunlan/php:/bitnami/php


nginx 和 mariadb，wordpress 是要启动的三个服务

顺序不是重要的,我们看见wordpress中有个 depends_on: 的属性

depends_on: 依赖

代表wordpress 依赖于

- mariadb
- nginx


两个服务， 所以他们两个会先启动

image: 镜像

就是你的 docker 镜像
我们用
docker search mariadb
找到我们需要的镜像

root@ubuntu:~/test# docker search mariadb
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M... 1192 [OK]
paintedfox/mariadb A docker image for running MariaDB 5.5, a ... 29 [OK]
bitnami/mariadb Bitnami MariaDB Docker Image 29 [OK]
million12/mariadb MariaDB 10 on CentOS-7 with UTF8 defaults 12 [OK]
toughiq/mariadb-cluster Dockerized Automated MariaDB Galera Cluste... 9 [OK]
webhippie/mariadb Docker images for mariadb 6 [OK]
panubo/mariadb-galera MariaDB Galera Cluster 6 [OK]
kakilangit/mariadb Docker for MariaDB with OQGraph & TokuDB E... 5 [OK]
maxexcloo/mariadb Service container with MariaDB installed a... 4 [OK]
tcaxias/mariadb MariaDB containers 1 [OK]
desertbit/mariadb This is an extended docker image of the of... 1 [OK]
russmckendrick/mariadb A MariaDB image 1 [OK]
drupaldocker/mariadb MariaDB for Drupal 1 [OK]
jpco/mariadb Mariadb, so I can have it on my raspberry 1 [OK]
clearlinux/mariadb MariaDB Server 1 [OK]
danielsreichenbach/mariadb Minimal MariaDB container to be used as co... 0 [OK]
lucidfrontier45/mariadb Mariadb with some customizable properties 0 [OK]
codete/mariadb MariaDB docker image used at Codete. 0 [OK]
dogstudio/mariadb MariaDB Container for Dogs 0 [OK]
babim/mariadb Mariadb Server on Alpine or Debian. Check ... 0 [OK]
objectstyle/mariadb ObjectStyle MariaDB Docker Image 0 [OK]
oriaks/mariadb MariaDB 0 [OK]
yannickvh/mariadb Custom build of MariaDB based on the offic... 0 [OK]
gymnae/mariadb Alpine based simple mariadb 0 [OK]
nimmis/mariadb MariaDB multiple versions based on nimmis/... 0 [OK]
root@ubuntu:~/test#


好了，就是bitnami/mariadb了

如果你看见有的么有 images ，而是一个 build， 那个说明这个不是用镜像的，而是使用 dockerfile 去构建容器。
如果要说 dockerfile 又要花很久了

想了解 dockerfile 可以看这里
编写Dockerfile

environment 环境变量

这个是在好理解不过的了。
不过这和我们程序语言设计层面的还是不一样的，这个是容器层面的环境变量。
如果我们写程序做一些逻辑判断的时候，肯定会使用
比如我们判断现在的编译器，我们会使用
#if __GNUC__ 或者 #if _MSC_VER
相应的，我们的容器里面肯定也有这样的逻辑，我们经常使用环境变量来传值，或者定义一个行为。写过程序的人都懂。

ports 端口映射

映射本机还有镜像的端口。这个没有什么好说的。

volumes 文件映射

有两种格式，
可以对应 docker 操作中的 -v my/path/:/docker/path
还可以使用单方面的 -v /path
这样的话 就相当于 一个匿名映射， 其实还是在本机有对应目录的。

使用docker inspect -f {{.Volumes}} /path 可以看到详细信息

相对这个了解更多的 深入理解Docker Volume

docker-compose 需要注意的

我根据我自己的体验，给出几点需要注意的

1. 不要把 docker 当做数据容器来使用，数据一定要用 volumes 放在容器外面
2. 不要把 docker-compose 文件暴露给别人， 因为上面有你的服务器信息
3. 多用 docker-compose 的命令去操作， 不要用 docker 手动命令&docker-compose 去同时操作
4. 写一个脚本类的东西，自动备份docker 映射出来的数据。
5. 不要把所有服务都放在一个 docker 容器里面

针对需求开始部署了

设定一个需求

我假定现在我们的需求是做一个博客系统

我们的第一印象肯定是 wordpress， 没有比这个更专业的了， 当然还有很多，我们使用 django 吧

用过 django 的肯定会知道， django 一开始是要构造工程的。
还有数据之类的

我们拟订一个过程

1. python 环境搭建
2. django 环境搭建
3. docker-compose.yml 写作
4. django 构建工程
5. django 数据库设定
6. 开始运行
7. 数据库同步

简单的单机部署

python 环境搭建

Dockerfile

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
RUN mkdir /root/testdjango/code #都写上绝对路径， 注意不要跟我一样。
WORKDIR /root/testdjango/code
ADD requirements.txt /root/testdjango/code/
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
ADD . /root/testdjango/code/


python 的pip 有一个requirements.txt 文件来专门放依赖环境的

django 环境搭建

requirements.txt

Django
psycopg2


docker-compose.yml 写作

db:
image: postgres
web:
build: .
command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
volumes:
- .:/code
ports:
- "8000:8000"
links:
- db


django 构建工程

docker-compose run web django-admin.py startproject docker_composeexample .

django 数据库设定

我们做了 volumes， django 的东西在本地有映射。
做过 django 的人都知道 ，我们的设定都在 settings.py 中

root@ubuntu:~/testdjango/docker_composeexample# cat settings.py
"""
Django settings for docker_composeexample project.Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.10.6.For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/
"""import os# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '3*@nbl2pu$hdmpe-hy&iko_cr_-$%9g=nu2=3x_^g(vy2463d6'# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = []# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]ROOT_URLCONF = 'docker_composeexample.urls'TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]WSGI_APPLICATION = 'docker_composeexample.wsgi.application'# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databasesDATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validatorsAUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'USE_I18N = TrueUSE_L10N = TrueUSE_TZ = True# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/STATIC_URL = '/static/'
root@ubuntu:~/testdjango/docker_composeexample#


我们只设置 数据库

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'postgres',
'USER': 'postgres',
'HOST': 'db',
'PORT': 5432,
}
}


开始运行

docker-compose up

数据库同步

docker-compose run web python manage.py syncdb

集群部署

敬请期待本文的下一篇

使用docker-compose 大杀器来部署服务 下

参考

Docker Compose—简化复杂应用的利器
docker-compose 安装指南
使用Docker Compose管理多个容器
docker 入门到实践
阿里云上部署和使用Docker Swarm集群
使用Docker Compose部署基于Sentinel的高可用Redis集群

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/neptunemoon/p/6512121.html