Docker 03 镜像命令

参考源

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1kv411q7Qc?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0

版本

本文章基于 Docker 20.10.11

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查看所有镜像

docker images

可以使用 docker images 命令查看所有本地主机上的镜像。

该命令等价于 docker image ls 。

语法

docker images [参数] [镜像[:标签]]

命令后加上 [镜像[:标签]] 可以对镜像进行过滤。

参数

• -a ：显示所有镜像。
• -q ：只显示 ID。

显示所有镜像

[root@sail ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE

hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

[root@sail ~]# docker image ls

REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE

hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

[root@sail ~]# docker images -a

REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE

hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

只显示镜像的 ID

[root@sail ~]# docker images -q

feb5d9fea6a5

显示所有镜像的 ID

[root@sail ~]# docker images -aq

feb5d9fea6a5

对镜像进行过滤

[root@sail ~]# docker images java

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

[root@sail ~]# docker images hello-world

REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE

hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

[root@sail ~]# docker images hello-world:latest

REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE

hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

结果分析

• REPOSITORY ：镜像名（镜像仓库源）。
• TAG ：镜像的标签。
• IMAGE ID ：镜像的 ID。
• CREATED ：镜像的创建时间。
• SIZE ：镜像的大小。

搜索镜像

docker search

语法

docker search [参数]

参数

• -f / --filter ：根据过滤条件搜索。

搜索仓库中的镜像，等价于网页搜索。

[root@sail ~]# docker search mysql

NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11789     [OK]

mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4488      [OK]

mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   882                  [OK]

centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   92

mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   89

centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   59                   [OK]

databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         53

prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              44                   [OK]

deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                   [OK]

tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   35

linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   34

schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   31                   [OK]

mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   23

centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   21

arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      19                   [OK]

fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   17                   [OK]

genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  8                    [OK]

yloeffler/mysql-backup            This image runs mysqldump to backup data usi…   7                    [OK]

openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6

devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici…   3

ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                3                    [OK]

jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   2

centos/mysql-80-centos7           MySQL 8.0 SQL database server                   2

widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   1                    [OK]

vitess/mysqlctld                  vitess/mysqlctld                                1                    [OK]

搜索出 Stars 大于 3000 的

[root@sail ~]# docker search mysql -f=STARS=3000

NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11789     [OK]

mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4488      [OK]

拉取镜像

docker pull

语法

docker pull [参数] 镜像名[:标签]

如果不输入标签，默认拉取最新版镜像。

参数

• -a ：拉取镜像的所有标签。
• -q ：抑制详细输出。

默认下载最新版

[root@sail ~]# docker pull redis

Using default tag: latest # 默认最新版标签

latest: Pulling from library/redis

e5ae68f74026: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image的核心：联合文件系统

37c4354629da: Pull complete

b065b1b1fa0f: Pull complete

6954d19bb2e5: Pull complete

6333f8baaf7c: Pull complete

f9772c8a44e7: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:2f502d27c3e9b54295f1c591b3970340d02f8a5824402c8179dcd20d4076b796 #防伪签名

Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest

docker.io/library/redis:latest # 真实地址，docker pull redis 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/redis:latest

指定版本下载

[root@sail ~]# docker pull redis:5.0

5.0: Pulling from library/redis

e5ae68f74026: Already exists # 分层镜像的好处，与之前的版本共用一部分，不用再重复下载

37c4354629da: Already exists

b065b1b1fa0f: Already exists

99ab464ba8bb: Pull complete

eb5bbe3179d2: Pull complete

2067794f93b6: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:310f81701011175dc868e833d73f539282dd18510ca35d6f7b63c4d33ab4f54e

Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:5.0

docker.io/library/redis:5.0

版本来自于官网，版本库 https://hub.docker.com/_/redis

这里输入的标签必须是官网版本库存在的标签，否则无法拉取镜像。

删除镜像

docker rmi

语法

docker rmi [参数] 镜像 [镜像...]

参数

• -f ：强制删除。

查看现存镜像

[root@sail ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE

redis         5.0       071510791e92   5 days ago     110MB

redis         latest    aea9b698d7d1   6 days ago     113MB

mysql         5.7       738e7101490b   6 days ago     448MB

mysql         latest    bbf6571db497   6 days ago     516MB

hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

删除一个。可以通过名称，也可以指定 ID， -f 表示强制删除。

[root@sail ~]# docker rmi -f feb5d9fea6a5

Untagged: hello-world:latest

Untagged: hello-world@sha256:cc15c5b292d8525effc0f89cb299f1804f3a725c8d05e158653a563f15e4f685

Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412

[root@sail ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE

redis        5.0       071510791e92   6 days ago   110MB

redis        latest    aea9b698d7d1   6 days ago   113MB

mysql        5.7       738e7101490b   6 days ago   448MB

mysql        latest    bbf6571db497   6 days ago   516MB

删除多个。用空格分隔 ID。

[root@sail ~]# docker rmi -f 738e7101490b bbf6571db497

Untagged: mysql:5.7

Untagged: mysql@sha256:d1cc87a3bd5dc07defc837bc9084f748a130606ff41923f46dec1986e0dc828d

Deleted: sha256:738e7101490b45decf606211a5437ed87aa6a82f1ff03c354564bf9375ce20f9

Deleted: sha256:addad8cfeac97b96eb6652a576269346ac96def9a6709ed2388e24fff4345837

Deleted: sha256:e288c3439a7e2f423f50bf22979a759371c51a70bbbaa450993c336978460b1a

Deleted: sha256:33ece15accaa3bb20e3dee84e2e4501469b917c3abba3d5475cd1fec8bb3e82c

Deleted: sha256:6b15390bceeca8424d82e75f5c9aca5eb4693f96849d6382168a99747877693d

Untagged: mysql:latest

Untagged: mysql@sha256:ff9a288d1ecf4397967989b5d1ec269f7d9042a46fc8bc2c3ae35458c1a26727

Deleted: sha256:bbf6571db4977fe13c3f4e6289c1409fc6f98c2899eabad39bfe07cad8f64f67

Deleted: sha256:a72da99dce60d6f8d4c4cffa4173153c990537fcdfaa27c35324c3348d55dd5c

Deleted: sha256:8b535d432ef2fbd45d93958347b2587c5cbe334f07d6909ad9d2d480ebbafb65

Deleted: sha256:14d13a3b33fc76839f156cd24b4636dab121e6d3d026cefa2985a4b89e9d4df8

Deleted: sha256:77c21a5a897a1ba752f3d742d6c94ee7c6b0e373fd0aeecc4bf88b9a3982007e

Deleted: sha256:189162becec8bb4588c54fb4ea7e62d20121812e68aeb0291fb4bb5df9ec0985

Deleted: sha256:34980dadfd6a5bb9d7f9e8d4e408000e0a8f4840cc7d3092dc94357ebe7a89b6

Deleted: sha256:15b2beb64a91785c8f3709ecd2410d13577b3174faad164524434ce6a7633506

Deleted: sha256:e38dd14d47b61171927ea4b928f7296123b65a81ad1cfde8f5d00cadf1e81bbb

Deleted: sha256:865abdfd8444741f581ce582e4ac5746c4a00c282febf65aa808a235ec7abf78

Deleted: sha256:b1e35233e1ac953bd06fc8fa83afb3a88c39c1aeae0c89a46cb1b652d6821b38

Deleted: sha256:3bcfdf6641227ff63e3ddf9e38e45cf317b178a50a664e45c6ae596107d5bc46

Deleted: sha256:f11bbd657c82c45cc25b0533ce72f193880b630352cc763ed0c045c808ff9ae1

[root@sail ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE

redis        5.0       071510791e92   6 days ago   110MB

redis        latest    aea9b698d7d1   6 days ago   113MB

删除所有。先用 docker images -aq 查询出所有镜像，再使用 docker rmi -f 递归删除。

[root@sail ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

Untagged: redis:5.0

Untagged: redis@sha256:310f81701011175dc868e833d73f539282dd18510ca35d6f7b63c4d33ab4f54e

Deleted: sha256:071510791e929570d7dde405f10b19d47115db05e46901b36b7d91ff978444bf

Deleted: sha256:8c023aca07f849d976f91ff85da1a90d39add83d8d50d358e1ec5177e1371907

Deleted: sha256:4dbec1fb2051b365aa3e6a805a052f2c7b4e9087c46847722f9ea5f12b1be308

Deleted: sha256:c6b1ae6dca0b2730bc0d78727b3a7078fce525bfa37dbb750e31b7a976ca1d99

Untagged: redis:latest

Untagged: redis@sha256:2f502d27c3e9b54295f1c591b3970340d02f8a5824402c8179dcd20d4076b796

Deleted: sha256:aea9b698d7d1d2fb22fe74868e27e767334b2cc629a8c6f9db8cc1747ba299fd

Deleted: sha256:beb6c508926e807f60b6a3816068ee3e2cece7654abaff731e4a26bcfebe04d8

Deleted: sha256:a5b5ed3d7c997ffd7c58cd52569d8095a7a3729412746569cdbda0dfdd228d1f

Deleted: sha256:ee76d3703ec1ab8abc11858117233a3ac8c7c5e37682f21a0c298ad0dc09a9fe

Deleted: sha256:60abc26bc7704070b2977b748ac0fd4ca94b818ed4ba1ef59ca8803e95920161

Deleted: sha256:6a2f1dcfa7455f60a810bb7c4786d62029348f64c4fcff81c48f8625cf0d995a

Deleted: sha256:9321ff862abbe8e1532076e5fdc932371eff562334ac86984a836d77dfb717f5

[root@sail ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

运行镜像

docker run

语法

docker run [参数] 镜像名

参数

• --name ：指定容器的名称，如果正在运行该名称的容器，会报错。
• --rm ：用完即删除，通常用来测试。
• -d ：后台方式运行。
• -it ：使用交互方式运行，可以进入容器查看内容。
• -e ：指定运行环境。
• -p ：随机指定端口。
• -p ：指定容器的端口，如： -p 8080:8080 。还可以有以下写法：
  • -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
  • -p 主机端口:容器端口
  • -p 容器端口

运行 centos 镜像

[root@sail ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash

Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally # 检索本地镜像，发现没有该镜像，则去仓库中搜索。

latest: Pulling from library/centos # 开始从仓库中拉取

a1d0c7532777: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177

Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest

[root@81c83ea42dc0 /]# ls # 由于是以交互方式运行，且进入 /bin/bash 中，此时的路径即为 centos 容器中的 /bin/bash

bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

由此可以看出，容器就是一个微型的 Linux 系统。它只保留了最核心的功能和最基本的命令，方便进行操作。