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spring事务管理几种方式

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12/01
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前段时间对spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
  11. <bean id="sessionFactory"
  12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  13. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  14. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  15. </bean>
  16. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  17. <bean id="transactionManager"
  18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  19. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  20. </bean>
  21. <!-- 配置DAO -->
  22. <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
  23. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  24. </bean>
  25. <bean id="userDao"
  26. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
  27. <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
  28. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
  29. <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
  30. <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
  31. <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
  32. <property name="transactionAttributes">
  33. <props>
  34. <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
  35. </props>
  36. </property>
  37. </bean>
  38. </beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
  11. <bean id="sessionFactory"
  12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  13. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  14. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  15. </bean>
  16. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  17. <bean id="transactionManager"
  18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  19. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  20. </bean>
  21. <bean id="transactionBase"
  22. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
  23. lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
  24. <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
  25. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
  26. <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
  27. <property name="transactionAttributes">
  28. <props>
  29. <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
  30. </props>
  31. </property>
  32. </bean>
  33. <!-- 配置DAO -->
  34. <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
  35. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  36. </bean>
  37. <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >
  38. <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
  39. </bean>
  40. </beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
  11. <bean id="sessionFactory"
  12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  13. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  14. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  15. </bean>
  16. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  17. <bean id="transactionManager"
  18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  19. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  20. </bean>
  21. <bean id="transactionInterceptor"
  22. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
  23. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
  24. <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
  25. <property name="transactionAttributes">
  26. <props>
  27. <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
  28. </props>
  29. </property>
  30. </bean>
  31. <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
  32. <property name="beanNames">
  33. <list>
  34. <value>*Dao</value>
  35. </list>
  36. </property>
  37. <property name="interceptorNames">
  38. <list>
  39. <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
  40. </list>
  41. </property>
  42. </bean>
  43. <!-- 配置DAO -->
  44. <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
  45. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  46. </bean>
  47. </beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  6. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  7. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
  12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
  13. <context:annotation-config />
  14. <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
  15. <bean id="sessionFactory"
  16. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  17. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  18. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  19. </bean>
  20. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  21. <bean id="transactionManager"
  22. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  23. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  24. </bean>
  25. <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
  26. <tx:attributes>
  27. <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
  28. </tx:attributes>
  29. </tx:advice>
  30. <aop:config>
  31. <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
  32. expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
  33. <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
  34. pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
  35. </aop:config>
  36. </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  6. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  7. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
  12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
  13. <context:annotation-config />
  14. <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
  15. <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
  16. <bean id="sessionFactory"
  17. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  18. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  19. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  20. </bean>
  21. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  22. <bean id="transactionManager"
  23. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  24. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  25. </bean>
  26. </beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下

    1. package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
    2. import java.util.List;
    3. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    5. import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
    6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    7. import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
    8. @Transactional
    9. @Component("userDao")
    10. public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    11. public List<User> listUsers() {
    12. return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
    13. }
    14. }

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