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Centos7手动编译安装Python3
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Python3的安装方式非常的简单,首先去到Python下载目录下载想要的Python包,这里我选择了3.6.5版本
$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
---- ::-- https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
Resolving www.python.org (www.python.org)... 151.101.24.223, 2a04:4e42:2e::
Connecting to www.python.org (www.python.org)|151.101.24.223|:... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... OK
Length: (22M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘Python-3.6..tgz’%[=====================================================================================================================================================>] ,, .16MB/s in 14s -- :: (1.57 MB/s) - ‘Python-3.6..tgz’ saved [/]
然后解压缩:
$ tar -xzvf Python-3.6..tgz
开始编译安装:
$ cd Python-3.6./
$ ./configure
... ...
config.status: creating Makefile.pre
config.status: creating Modules/Setup.config
config.status: creating Misc/python.pc
config.status: creating Misc/python-config.sh
config.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aix
config.status: creating pyconfig.h
creating Modules/Setup
creating Modules/Setup.local
creating MakefileIf you want a release build with all stable optimizations active (PGO, etc),
please run ./configure --enable-optimizations
可以看到最后有一行很醒目的提示,这行提示可以忽略,它的意义是是否想要编译一个允许各种优化(例如PGO——Profile-guided optimization,这是GCC支持的一个优化选项,可以提升程序性能,有兴趣的同学可以自行谷歌)的版本,如果想要,可以运行 ./configure --enable-optimizations。我这里选择忽略,继续编译:
$ make
$ sudo make install
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
make: *** [install] Error
出现了报错,缺少zlib,直接安装下:
$ sudo yum install zlib*
继续安装:
$ sudo make install
到这一步还不行,用python --version看到的版本还是老的:
$ python --version
Python 2.7.$ which python
/usr/bin/python$ ls -lh /usr/bin | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx root root Apr : python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx root root Apr : python2 -> python2.
-rwxr-xr-x root root .0K Aug python2.
可以看到默认的python程序指向了python2.7,所以需要删除这个软连接,建立新版本的软连接:
$ ls -lh /usr/local/bin/ | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx root root Jun : python3 -> python3.
-rwxr-xr-x root root 13M Jun : python3.
lrwxrwxrwx root root Jun : python3.-config -> python3.6m-config
-rwxr-xr-x root root 13M Jun : python3.6m
-rwxr-xr-x root root .1K Jun : python3.6m-config
lrwxrwxrwx root root Jun : python3-config -> python3.-config$ sudo rm /usr/bin/python
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
$ python --version
Python 3.6.
可以看到,建立映射之后,python版本目前为3.6.5,到这里还没完,pip还是指向了原来的版本:
$ pip --version
pip 10.0. from /usr/lib/python2./site-packages/pip (python 2.7)
同样的,查看下pip的位置:
$ which pip
/usr/bin/pip$ ls -lh /usr/bin/ | grep pip
-rwxr-xr-x. root root .3K Jul lesspipe.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root root Jun : pip
-rwxr-xr-x root root Jun : pip2
-rwxr-xr-x root root Jun : pip2.$ ls -lh /usr/local/bin/ | grep pip
-rwxr-xr-x root root Jun : pip3
-rwxr-xr-x root root Jun : pip3.
/usr/bin/pip不是一个软连接,所以不直接删除,做个备份:
$ sudo mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip2_for_python2.7_bak
$ ls -lh /usr/bin/ | grep pip
-rwxr-xr-x. root root .3K Jul lesspipe.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root root Jun : pip2
-rwxr-xr-x root root Jun : pip2.
-rwxr-xr-x root root Jun : pip2_for_python2.7_bak
然后建立软连接:
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
$ pip --version
pip 9.0. from /usr/local/lib/python3./site-packages (python 3.6)
pip版本也成功的切换了,后续可能还会遇到一些类似的python路径问题,都可以依此解决。
安装成功之后,使用yum的时候会出现报错:
$ sudo yum install zip
File "/bin/yum", line
except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
^
这是因为yum的包管理,是基于python2.x写的,跟python3有语法上的不兼容。
这个时候可以修改下yum的配置文件:
$ sudo vim /usr/bin/yum
将第一行的“#!/usr/bin/python” 改为 “#!/usr/bin/python2.7”
类似的,同样修改下/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down。