opencv 6 图像轮廓与图像分割修复 3 图像的矩，分水岭，图像修补

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图像的矩

矩的计算：moments()函数

计算轮廓面积：contourArea()函数

计算轮廓长度：arcLength()函数

综合实例程序：查找和绘制图像轮廓矩

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp" #include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp" #include <iostream> using namespace cv; using namespace std;//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】-------------------------------------------- //描述：定义一些辅助宏 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图】"//为窗口标题定义的宏 #define WINDOW_NAME2 "【图像轮廓】" //为窗口标题定义的宏 //-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】-------------------------------------- //描述：全局变量的声明 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mat g_srcImage; Mat g_grayImage; int g_nThresh = 100; int g_nMaxThresh = 255; RNG g_rng(12345); Mat g_cannyMat_output; vector<vector<Point> > g_vContours; vector<Vec4i> g_vHierarchy;//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】-------------------------------------- //描述：全局变量的声明 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void on_ThreshChange(int, void*); static void ShowHelpText();//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】-------------------------------------------- //描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- int main(int argc, char** argv) { //【0】改变console字体颜色 system("color 9F");ShowHelpText(); // 读入原图像, 返回3通道图像数据 g_srcImage = imread("1.jpg", 1);// 把原图像转化成灰度图像并进行平滑 cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY); blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));// 创建新窗口 namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);//创建滚动条并进行初始化 createTrackbar(" 阈值", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nMaxThresh, on_ThreshChange); on_ThreshChange(0, 0);waitKey(0); return(0); }//-----------------------------------【on_ThreshChange( )函数】------------------------------- //描述：回调函数 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void on_ThreshChange(int, void*) { // 使用Canndy检测边缘 Canny(g_grayImage, g_cannyMat_output, g_nThresh, g_nThresh * 2, 3);// 找到轮廓 findContours(g_cannyMat_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));// 计算矩 vector<Moments> mu(g_vContours.size()); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++) { mu[i] = moments(g_vContours[i], false); }// 计算中心矩 vector<Point2f> mc(g_vContours.size()); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++) { mc[i] = Point2f(static_cast<float>(mu[i].m10 / mu[i].m00), static_cast<float>(mu[i].m01 / mu[i].m00)); }// 绘制轮廓 Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_cannyMat_output.size(), CV_8UC3); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++) { Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));//随机生成颜色值 drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 2, 8, g_vHierarchy, 0, Point());//绘制外层和内层轮廓 circle(drawing, mc[i], 4, color, -1, 8, 0);;//绘制圆 }// 显示到窗口中 namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);// 通过m00计算轮廓面积并且和OpenCV函数比较 printf("\t 输出内容: 面积和轮廓长度\n"); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++) { printf(" >通过m00计算出轮廓[%d]的面积: (M_00) = %.2f \n OpenCV函数计算出的面积=%.2f , 长度: %.2f \n\n", i, mu[i].m00, contourArea(g_vContours[i]), arcLength(g_vContours[i], true)); Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255)); drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 2, 8, g_vHierarchy, 0, Point()); circle(drawing, mc[i], 4, color, -1, 8, 0); } }//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----------------------------- // 描述：输出一些帮助信息 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void ShowHelpText() { //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本 printf("\n\n\t\t\t 当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION); printf("\n\n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); }

分水岭算法

实现分水岭算法：watershed()函数

综合示例程序：分水岭算法

#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp" #include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp" #include <iostream> using namespace cv; using namespace std;//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】-------------------------------------------- // 描述：定义一些辅助宏 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #define WINDOW_NAME1 "【程序窗口1】" //为窗口标题定义的宏 #define WINDOW_NAME2 "【分水岭算法效果图】" //为窗口标题定义的宏//-----------------------------------【全局函变量声明部分】-------------------------------------- //描述：全局变量的声明 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mat g_maskImage, g_srcImage; Point prevPt(-1, -1);//-----------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】-------------------------------------- //描述：全局函数的声明 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- static void ShowHelpText(); static void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*);//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】-------------------------------------------- //描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- int main(int argc, char** argv) { //【0】改变console字体颜色 system("color 6F");//【0】显示帮助文字 ShowHelpText();//【1】载入原图并显示，初始化掩膜和灰度图 g_srcImage = imread("1.jpg", 1); imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage); Mat srcImage, grayImage; g_srcImage.copyTo(srcImage); cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_maskImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY); cvtColor(g_maskImage, grayImage, COLOR_GRAY2BGR); g_maskImage = Scalar::all(0);//【2】设置鼠标回调函数 setMouseCallback(WINDOW_NAME1, on_Mouse, 0);//【3】轮询按键，进行处理 while (1) { //获取键值 int c = waitKey(0);//若按键键值为ESC时，退出 if ((char)c == 27) break;//按键键值为2时，恢复源图 if ((char)c == '2') { g_maskImage = Scalar::all(0); srcImage.copyTo(g_srcImage); imshow("image", g_srcImage); }//若检测到按键值为1或者空格，则进行处理 if ((char)c == '1' || (char)c == ' ') { //定义一些参数 int i, j, compCount = 0; vector<vector<Point> > contours; vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;//寻找轮廓 findContours(g_maskImage, contours, hierarchy, RETR_CCOMP, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);//轮廓为空时的处理 if (contours.empty()) continue;//拷贝掩膜 Mat maskImage(g_maskImage.size(), CV_32S); maskImage = Scalar::all(0);//循环绘制出轮廓 for (int index = 0; index >= 0; index = hierarchy[index][0], compCount++) drawContours(maskImage, contours, index, Scalar::all(compCount + 1), -1, 8, hierarchy, INT_MAX);//compCount为零时的处理 if (compCount == 0) continue;//生成随机颜色 vector<Vec3b> colorTab; for (i = 0; i < compCount; i++) { int b = theRNG().uniform(0, 255); int g = theRNG().uniform(0, 255); int r = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);colorTab.push_back(Vec3b((uchar)b, (uchar)g, (uchar)r)); }//计算处理时间并输出到窗口中 double dTime = (double)getTickCount(); watershed(srcImage, maskImage); dTime = (double)getTickCount() - dTime; printf("\t处理时间 = %gms\n", dTime*1000. / getTickFrequency());//双层循环，将分水岭图像遍历存入watershedImage中 Mat watershedImage(maskImage.size(), CV_8UC3); for (i = 0; i < maskImage.rows; i++) for (j = 0; j < maskImage.cols; j++) { int index = maskImage.at<int>(i, j); if (index == -1) watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = Vec3b(255, 255, 255); else if (index <= 0 || index > compCount) watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = Vec3b(0, 0, 0); else watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = colorTab[index - 1]; }//混合灰度图和分水岭效果图并显示最终的窗口 watershedImage = watershedImage * 0.5 + grayImage * 0.5; imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, watershedImage); } }return 0; }//-----------------------------------【onMouse( )函数】--------------------------------------- //描述：鼠标消息回调函数 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- static void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*) { //处理鼠标不在窗口中的情况 if (x < 0 || x >= g_srcImage.cols || y < 0 || y >= g_srcImage.rows) return;//处理鼠标左键相关消息 if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONUP || !(flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON)) prevPt = Point(-1, -1); else if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN) prevPt = Point(x, y);//鼠标左键按下并移动，绘制出白色线条 else if (event == EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON)) { Point pt(x, y); if (prevPt.x < 0) prevPt = pt; line(g_maskImage, prevPt, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0); line(g_srcImage, prevPt, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0); prevPt = pt; imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage); } }//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】---------------------------------- // 描述：输出一些帮助信息 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- static void ShowHelpText() { //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本 printf("\n\n\t\t\t 当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION); printf("\n\n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");//输出一些帮助信息 printf("\n\n\n\t欢迎来到【分水岭算法】示例程序~\n\n"); printf("\t请先用鼠标在图片窗口中标记出大致的区域，\n\n\t然后再按键【1】或者【SPACE】启动算法。" "\n\n\t按键操作说明: \n\n" "\t\t键盘按键【1】或者【SPACE】- 运行的分水岭分割算法\n" "\t\t键盘按键【2】- 恢复原始图片\n" "\t\t键盘按键【ESC】- 退出程序\n\n\n"); }

图像修补

实现图像修补：inpaint()函数

综合示例程序：图像修补

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp" #include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp" #include "opencv2/photo/photo.hpp" #include <iostream> using namespace cv; using namespace std;//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】-------------------------------------------- // 描述：定义一些辅助宏 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #define WINDOW_NAME0 "【原始图参考】" //为窗口标题定义的宏 #define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图】" //为窗口标题定义的宏 #define WINDOW_NAME2 "【修补后的效果图】" //为窗口标题定义的宏 //-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】-------------------------------------- // 描述：全局变量声明 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mat srcImage0, srcImage1, inpaintMask; Point previousPoint(-1, -1);//原来的点坐标//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】---------------------------------- // 描述：输出一些帮助信息 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- static void ShowHelpText() { //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本 printf("\n\n\t\t\t 当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION); printf("\n\n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");//输出一些帮助信息 printf("\n\n\n\t欢迎来到【图像修复】示例程序~\n"); printf("\n\t请在进行图像修复操作之前，在【原始图】窗口中进行适量的绘制" "\n\n\t按键操作说明: \n\n" "\t\t【鼠标左键】-在图像上绘制白色线条\n\n" "\t\t键盘按键【ESC】- 退出程序\n\n" "\t\t键盘按键【1】或【SPACE】-进行图像修复操作 \n\n"); }//-----------------------------------【On_Mouse( )函数】-------------------------------- // 描述：响应鼠标消息的回调函数 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- static void On_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*) { //鼠标左键弹起消息 if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONUP || !(flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON)) previousPoint = Point(-1, -1); //鼠标左键按下消息 else if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN) previousPoint = Point(x, y); //鼠标按下并移动，进行绘制 else if (event == EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON)) { Point pt(x, y); if (previousPoint.x < 0) previousPoint = pt; //绘制白色线条 line(inpaintMask, previousPoint, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0); line(srcImage1, previousPoint, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0); previousPoint = pt; imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1); } }//--------------------------------------【main( )函数】----------------------------------------- // 描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- int main(int argc, char** argv) { //改变console字体颜色 system("color 2F");//显示帮助文字 ShowHelpText();//载入原始图并进行掩膜的初始化 Mat srcImage = imread("1.jpg", -1); if (!srcImage.data) { printf("读取图片错误，请确定目录下是否有imread函数指定图片存在~！ \n"); return false; } srcImage0 = srcImage.clone(); srcImage1 = srcImage.clone(); inpaintMask = Mat::zeros(srcImage1.size(), CV_8U);//显示原始图参考 imshow(WINDOW_NAME0, srcImage0); //显示原始图 imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1); //设置鼠标回调消息 setMouseCallback(WINDOW_NAME1, On_Mouse, 0);//轮询按键，根据不同的按键进行处理 while (1) { //获取按键键值 char c = (char)waitKey();//键值为ESC，程序退出 if (c == 27) break;//键值为2，恢复成原始图像 if (c == '2') { inpaintMask = Scalar::all(0); srcImage.copyTo(srcImage1); imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1); }//键值为1或者空格，进行图像修补操作 if (c == '1' || c == ' ') { Mat inpaintedImage; inpaint(srcImage1, inpaintMask, inpaintedImage, 3, INPAINT_TELEA); imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, inpaintedImage); } }return 0; }