Mac os安装golang开发环境

小程序：扫一扫查出行
【扫一扫了解最新限行尾号】
复制小程序

为了能够愉快地进行golang编程，我们需要安装以下几样东西：

包管理Homebrew
语言环境golang
版本管理git
虚拟器docker
编译器Goland

我将按照这个顺序叙述整个安装过程

docker 其实是可选的，它可以把应用程序打包为可移植的、自给自足的容器。这样一来，你就可以在本地生成golang程序的docker镜像，直接扔到测试环境，便可以进行测试了，不需要再进行代码上传，环境配置等操作了。

如果你觉得暂时用不到，也可以先不装。

1、安装brew

Homebrew有点类似于Linux操作系统中的apt-get（Ubuntu）、yum（yum），Mac的操作系统中使用它解决包依赖问题，套用官方的话来说：

Homebrew 能干什么?

使用 Homebrew 安装 Apple 没有预装但你需要的东西。

让我们开始安装吧！

在命令行输入以下指令

fabric:~ fabric$ ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

出现以下内容，安装成功

==> Installation successful!==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analytics. Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here: https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics.html==> Next steps: - Run `brew help` to get started - Further documentation: https://docs.brew.sh

2、安装并配置golang

2.1 方法一：通过brew安装golang

首先看看有哪些golang版本可用

fabric:~ fabric$ brew search go ==> Formulae algol68g go-jira gofabric8 goolabs gx-go mongodb@3.6 arangodb go-statik goffice goose Hugo mongoose argon2 go@1.4 gollum gopass jfrog-cli-go pango bogofilter go@1.8 golo gor jpegoptim pangomm cargo-completion go@1.9 gom goreleaser lego percona-server-mongodb certigo goaccess gomplate gost lgogdownloader pygobject cgoban goad goocanvas gosu libgosu pygobject3 clingo gobby goofys gotags mongo-c-driver ringojs django-completion gobject-introspection google-authenticator-libpam goto mongo-cxx-driver spaceinvaders-go forego gobuster google-benchmark gource mongo-orchestration spigot fuego gocr google-java-format govendor mongodb svgo gnu-go gocryptfs google-sparsehash gowsdl mongodb@3.0 wego go godep google-sql-tool gox mongodb@3.2 wireguard-go go-bindata goenv googler gst-plugins-good mongodb@3.4

我们发现最新的有1.9可以使用

安装brew下最新版本的go

fabric:~ fabric$ brew install go@1.9 Updating Homebrew... ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/go@1.9-1.9.7.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring go@1.9-1.9.7.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats A valid GOPATH is required to use the `go get` command. If $GOPATH is not specified, $HOME/go will be used by default: https://golang.org/doc/code.html#GOPATHYou may wish to add the GOROOT-based install location to your PATH: export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/opt/go@1.9/libexec/binThis formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local, because this is an alternate version of another formula.If you need to have this software first in your PATH run: echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/go@1.9/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile==> Summary /usr/local/Cellar/go@1.9/1.9.7: 7,668 files, 294.2MB

配置golang的相关环境变量

fabric:~ fabric$ vim ~/.bashrc

将下面内容添加进上面的文件

#GOROOT export GOROOT=/usr/local/opt/go\@1.9#GOPATH export GOPATH=$HOME/Documents/code/gopath#GOPATH root bin export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

GOPATH可以根据个人习惯设置为其他目录

本人习惯在home目录下的Documents里新建一个code目录，用于存放各种语言的代码，比如Documents/code/gopath用于存放golang的代码，Documents/code/www用于存放php代码...

让改动生效

fabric:~ fabric$ source ~/.bashrc

试一试golang是否安装成功

出现以下内容，则安装成功

fabric:~ fabric$ go env GOARCH="amd64" GOBIN="" GOEXE="" GOHOSTARCH="amd64" GOHOSTOS="darwin" GOOS="darwin" GOPATH="/Users/fabric/Documents/code/gopath" GORACE="" GOROOT="/usr/local/opt/go\@1.9" GOTOOLDIR="/usr/local/Cellar/go@1.9/1.9.7/libexec/pkg/tool/darwin_amd64" GCCGO="gccgo" CC="clang" GOGCCFLAGS="-fPIC -m64 -pthread -fno-caret-diagnostics -Qunused-arguments -fmessage-length=0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/var/folders/wc/bby1pbz17v3dkr8rmcpjptwm0000gn/T/go-build871394220=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches -fno-common" CXX="clang++" CGO_ENABLED="1" CGO_CFLAGS="-g -O2" CGO_CPPFLAGS="" CGO_CXXFLAGS="-g -O2" CGO_FFLAGS="-g -O2" CGO_LDFLAGS="-g -O2" PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config"

2.2 方法二：从源码安装golang

这个在我另外一篇文章做了详细的叙述，详情请见《修改并编译golang源码》

3、安装配置git

3.1 用brew安装git

fabric:~ fabric$ brew install git ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/git-2.18.0.high_sierra.bott ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring git-2.18.0.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats Bash completion has been installed to: /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.dzsh completions and functions have been installed to: /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functionsEmacs Lisp files have been installed to: /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/git ==> Summary /usr/local/Cellar/git/2.18.0: 1,488 files, 295.6MB

3.2 配置git

3.2.1 查看用户名和邮箱地址

fabric:~ fabric$ git config user.name fabric:~ fabric$ git config user.email

3.2.2 修改用户名和邮箱地址

fabric:~ fabric$ git config --global user.name "你的用户名" fabric:~ fabric$ git config --global user.email "你的邮箱地址"

3.2.3 生成SSH KEY

为了向github自己的仓库提交代码，我们需要设置SSH KEY

首先来生成SSH KEY

fabric:~ fabric$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 你的邮箱地址 Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/fabric/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /Users/fabric/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /Users/fabric/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:生成的密钥指纹你的邮箱地址 The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ 生成的密钥randomart image +----[SHA256]-----+

复制上一步生成的公钥（public key），复制进github

fabric:~ fabric$ cat /Users/fabric/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 你的公钥

github设置公钥的地方：
右上角头像下拉选项 -> Settings -> SSH and GPG keys

可以试着在代码目录下拉取自己的仓库试试是否生效

cd 你的代码目录 git clone 你的代码git仓库地址

4、安装docker

Homebrew 的 Cask 已经支持 Docker for Mac，因此可以很方便的使用 Homebrew Cask 来进行安装：

4.1 用brew安装docker

fabric:~ fabric$ brew cask install docker

在载入 Docker app 后，点击 Next，可能会询问你的 macOS 登陆密码，你输入即可。之后会弹出一个 Docker 运行的提示窗口，状态栏上也有有个如下所示的小鲸鱼的图标：

验证一下是不是安装成功了呢，输入以下命令

fabric:~ fabric$ docker version Client: Version: 18.06.0-ce API version: 1.38 Go version: go1.10.3 Git commit: 0ffa825 Built: Wed Jul 18 19:05:26 2018 OS/Arch: darwin/amd64 Experimental: falseServer: Engine: Version: 18.06.0-ce API version: 1.38 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.10.3 Git commit: 0ffa825 Built: Wed Jul 18 19:13:46 2018 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: true