postgresql-12编译安装

1 准备环境

修改yum源

mkdir -p /etc/yum.bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.bak/ &&\
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo &&\
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo &&\
yum clean all &&\
yum makecache

安装基础安装包
yum install -y readline-devel zlib-devel make gcc

创建组和用户

groupadd postgres
useradd -g postgres -G postgres -d /home/postgresql postgres

将安装包放在/opt 路径中并解压
tar xf /opt/postgresql-12.0.tar.gz -C /home/postgresql/postgresql-12.0

2 编译安装

编译

cd /home/postgresql/postgresql-12.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/share/postgresql-12
make && make install

配置环境变量

echo 'export PGHOME=/usr/share/postgresql-12/
export PGDATA=/data/pgsql-12
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export LANG=en_US.utf8
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH'>>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile

3 初始化数据

创建数据目录并授权

mkdir -p /data/pgsql-12
chown -R postgres:postgres /data/pgsql-12
chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/share/postgresql-12

初始化

su - postgres
initdb -E utf8 -D $PGDATA

4 配置数据库

切换到root下操作

配置连接方式

echo -e "listen_addresses = '*'\nmax_connections = 100">>/data/pgsql-12/postgresql.conf

配置连接网段
echo 'host all all 0.0.0.0 md5'>>/data/pgsql-12/pg_hba.conf

pg配置文件认证方法

认证方法（authentication method）
trust 无条件地允许联接，这个方法允许任何可以与PostgreSQL 数据库联接的用户以他们期望的任意 PostgreSQL 数据库用户身份进行联接，而不需要口令。
reject 联接无条件拒绝，常用于从一个组中"过滤"某些主机。
md5 要求客户端提供一个 MD5 加密的口令进行认证，这个方法是允许加密口令存储在pg_shadow里的唯一的一个方法。
password 和"md5"一样，但是口令是以明文形式在网络上传递的，我们不应该在不安全的网络上使用这个方式。
gss 使用GSSAPI认证用户，这只适用于 TCP/IP 连接。
sspi 使用SSPI认证用户，这只适用于 Windows 连接。
peer 获取客户端的操作系统的用户名并判断他是否匹配请求的数据库名，这只适用于本地连接。
ldap 使用LDAP服务进行验证。
radius 使用RADIUS服务进行验证。
cert 使用SSL服务进行验证。
pam 使用操作系统提供的可插入的认证模块服务 （Pluggable Authentication Modules）（PAM）来认证。

修改配置启动脚本

启动pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql-12/ -l logfile start
cp /home/postgresql/postgresql-12.0/contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql-12
chmod 777 /etc/init.d/postgresql-12
sed -i '/prefix=/s#prefix=.*#prefix=/usr/share/postgresql-12#' /etc/init.d/postgresql-12
sed -i 's#PGDATA=.*#PGDATA=/data/pgsql-12#' /etc/init.d/postgresql-12

设置开机自启动

chmod 777 /etc/rc.d/rc/local
echo '/etc/init.d/postgresql-12 stop
/etc/init.d/postgresql-12 start'>>/etc/rc.d/rc/local

启动检查

/etc/init.d/postgresql-12 start
ps -ef|grep post

修改密码
alter user postgres with password '123456';

5 编译可选参数

[root@ab416a5bed3f postgresql-10.0]# ./configure --help
`configure' configures PostgreSQL 10.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems.Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local/pgsql]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]By default, `make install` will install all the files in
/usr/local/pgsql/bin, /usr/local/pgsql/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/pgsql' using --prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.For better control, use the options below.Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/postgresql]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--disable-integer-datetimes
obsolete option, no longer supported
--enable-nls[=LANGUAGES]
enable Native Language Support
--disable-rpath do not embed shared library search path in
executables
--disable-spinlocks do not use spinlocks
--disable-atomics do not use atomic operations
--disable-strong-random do not use a strong random number source
--enable-debug build with debugging symbols (-g)
--enable-profiling build with profiling enabled
--enable-coverage build with coverage testing instrumentation
--enable-dtrace build with DTrace support
--enable-tap-tests enable TAP tests (requires Perl and IPC::Run)
--enable-depend turn on automatic dependency tracking
--enable-cassert enable assertion checks (for debugging)
--disable-thread-safety disable thread-safety in client libraries
--disable-largefile omit support for large files
--disable-float4-byval disable float4 passed by value
--disable-float8-byval disable float8 passed by valueOptional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-extra-version=STRING
append STRING to version
--with-template=NAME override operating system template
--with-includes=DIRS look for additional header files in DIRS
--with-libraries=DIRS look for additional libraries in DIRS
--with-libs=DIRS alternative spelling of --with-libraries
--with-pgport=PORTNUM set default port number [5432]
--with-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
set table block size in kB [8]
--with-segsize=SEGSIZE set table segment size in GB [1]
--with-wal-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
set WAL block size in kB [8]
--with-wal-segsize=SEGSIZE
set WAL segment size in MB [16]
--with-CC=CMD set compiler (deprecated)
--with-icu build with ICU support
--with-tcl build Tcl modules (PL/Tcl)
--with-tclconfig=DIR tclConfig.sh is in DIR
--with-perl build Perl modules (PL/Perl)
--with-python build Python modules (PL/Python)
--with-gssapi build with GSSAPI support
--with-krb-srvnam=NAME default service principal name in Kerberos (GSSAPI)
[postgres]
--with-pam build with PAM support
--with-bsd-auth build with BSD Authentication support
--with-ldap build with LDAP support
--with-bonjour build with Bonjour support
--with-openssl build with OpenSSL support
--with-selinux build with SELinux support
--with-systemd build with systemd support
--without-readline do not use GNU Readline nor BSD Libedit for editing
--with-libedit-preferred
prefer BSD Libedit over GNU Readline
--with-uuid=LIB build contrib/uuid-ossp using LIB (bsd,e2fs,ossp)
--with-ossp-uuid obsolete spelling of --with-uuid=ossp
--with-libxml build with XML support
--with-libxslt use XSLT support when building contrib/xml2
--with-system-tzdata=DIR
use system time zone data in DIR
--without-zlib do not use Zlib
--with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CPP C preprocessor
PKG_CONFIG path to pkg-config utility
PKG_CONFIG_PATH
directories to add to pkg-config's search path
PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
path overriding pkg-config's built-in search path
ICU_CFLAGS C compiler flags for ICU, overriding pkg-config
ICU_LIBS linker flags for ICU, overriding pkg-config
LDFLAGS_EX extra linker flags for linking executables only
LDFLAGS_SL extra linker flags for linking shared libraries onlyUse these variables to override the choices made by ’configure or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.


6报错解决

6.1 configure: error: readline library not found

缺少readline-devel包

解决:
方法1 安装readline-devel包
yum install readline-devel -y
方法2 编译时加上--without-readline关闭该选项

6.2 解决外网无法访问

修改data目录下的pg_hba.conf，添加如下配置

host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0              trust

6.3 修改登陆密码

用客户端软件在空密码的情况下登陆后执行

ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'new pwd';

并修改6.2的trust为md5开启认证模式

转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/wzstudy/p/11793814.html